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Jorge "George" Newbery, born Jorge Alejandro Newbery (Buenos Aires 29 May 1875 – Mendoza Province 1 March 1914), was an Argentine aviator, civil servant, engineer and scientist of North American descent. His father, Ralph Newbery (a dentist born in 1848), emigrated from Long Island to Argentina after the American Civil War (in which he is said to have taken part in the Battle of Gettysburg).〔"The Bradleys of Essex County Revisited" by Saul Montes-Bradley, 2004〕〔"Más liviano que el aire" by Nelson Montes-Bradley〕 Along with Alberto Braniff and Jorge Chávez, Jorge Newbery was one of the first Latin American aircraft pilots. He was also an engineer, and is considered to be the architect and founder of the Argentine Air Force. == Historical context == Jorge Newbery was in the public eye between the 1890s and the first fifteen years of the 20th century, a very important time for Argentina which was characterised by an enormous immigration of primarily Europeans which multiplied the country’s demographic importance by a factor of five. The population of Argentina, which represented 0.12% of the global population in 1869, would come to make up 0.57% of mankind in 1930. and the expansion of an economy of agricultural export which increased the GDP per capita from $334 in 1875 to $1,151 in 1913. At the same time, an anti-democratic oligarchic regime had been consolidated within Argentina, under the complete control of the National Autonomist Party (PAN) headed by General Julio Argentino Roca. In response, a new middle class had emerged with the revolution of 1890 and founded the Radical Civic Union, which had adopted a strategy of insurrection. The working class showed a growing sense of organisation with trade unions and two national centres, with predominantly anarchist, syndicalist and socialist ideologies, which would start to be harshly persecuted from 1902 onwards. In 1902 the so-called Residency Law, which allowed the government to expel foreign individuals, was sanctioned and widely used against unionist activists. The climax of this stage in history was the “Centenary Year”, in 1910, of the May Revolution which began the process of independence from Spain. In 1912, immense public pressure secured the approval of the Sáenz Peña Law which established the secret ballot and universal suffrage for men, which would open the path to the 1916 victory of the first democratic president, Hipolito Yrigoyen, of the Radical Civic Union. Two years previously, in the same year as Newbery’s death, the First World War had started and marked the end of the Argentine agricultural export model. The Newbery years were years of unshakeable faith in the possibilities of Argentina, when Rubén Darío wrote in his famous ''Canto a la Argentina y otros poemas'': “Argentina, your day has come!” These years saw the appearance of tango, Vaslav Nijinsky dancing in the Teatro Colón, the opening of the Buenos Aires Metro, the arrival of Guglielmo Marconi in Argentina in order to carry out the first radio-telephonic communication with Ireland and Canada. In 1909 Guglielmo Marconi won the Nobel Prize for Physics and in 1910 he visited Argentina to join in the Centenary celebrations. The estancieros of Argentina “throwing butter on the ceiling” in Paris. In 20th century Buenos Aires, young rich men used to have late night competitions throwing butter packets at the ceilings of restaurants using their knives as catapults, with the winner being whoever managed to stick the most pieces of butter to the ceiling. Since then, “throwing butter at the ceiling” became a popular saying in that country, referring to irrational waste and frivolity, and the first appearances of popular idols of sport and art. Buenos Aires ceased to be the “Great Village” and became the “Paris of South America”. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jorge Newbery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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